A Teacher Goes to the Underworld: ‘The Next Three Days’ (2010)

January 6th, 2011 by Helena Bassil-Morozow

Russell Crowe is the perfect actor for the role of a heroically loyal husband: plump-cheeked, blue-eyed, with the frame of a giant teddy bear whose facial expressions range from a tender-powerful look implying ‘you can always rely on me’ to the pained grimace of a reluctant assassin which is traditionally worn with sad dignity, and which generally means ‘sorry, mate, I don’t want to do this – but c’est la vie’.

The screenwriter and director Paul Haggis (Crash, Million Dollar Baby, Casino Royal, Quantum of Solace) made a film about a domestic hero who is pushed out of his comfort zone in a struggle to protect his family from the all-seeing, all-controlling agents of the State. The rather short premise shows John Brennan, a community teacher from Pittsburgh (a working class town), leading a happy family life until the police come to his house and arrest his wife Lara (Elizabeth Banks) for the murder of her female boss. As there is no legal way for Lara to get reunited with her husband and seven-year-old son during the next twenty years or so, John forges a reckless plan of getting her out of the high-security prison an escape from which is most likely to end in both of them being killed by the security guards. He only has three days to realise his plan.

Like this, Haggis introduces into the film an oxymoron which he would then peddle at every opportunity: John is a philosophy teacher, yet he is also a ruthless criminal. Not that the two concepts are completely incompatible, but teachers are traditionally seen as well behaved people – well-behaved being a euphemism for boring, of course. The hero wearing blue sweaters and jean shirts (hiding his rather expanded waistline), and looking more suitable in a domestic context, is compelled by love and the State to descend to the criminal underworld and break all imaginable social and ethical rules: he cracks locks, forges documents, kills people, burns down houses and leaves corpses in the street. He interviews seasoned criminals and gets beaten by traffickers and drug dealers. Decent men in the street look at his scratched muzzle in horror and disapproval. His parents are wondering what is eating at their formerly well-behaved son-pedagogue. ‘What kind of a criminal drives a Prius?’ – one of the amazed detectives asks his colleague, creating an almost acceptable product placement joke.

John truly reaches the bottom of society, yet, magically, manages to keep intact the line that separates the ‘clean’, warm family nest from the ugly, bloody hell of the criminal underworld. John is a loving father and a dutiful son. He is attentive to the little boy and regularly visits his parents. The master of suspension, Haggis shows darkness and danger seep into the ‘cosy’ aspect of the protagonist’s life through the cracks he had caused by his criminal activities. The audience is constantly expecting for something bad to happen to the little boy whose safety is threatened both by the gangsters and the police. Camerawork is claustrophobic, paranoid; focalisation is multiple, implying that everyone is an enemy of everyone else. Strangers knock at doors late at night; people inside the house are peeping through windows or eye holes trying to make out who the visitor might be. No enclosure, be it a car or a house, is safe. Haggis is keen to show the fragile, easily crossable boundary between the house and the outside world, and the audience is left to hope that Russell Crowe’s stocky frame is big enough to block the entrance and prevent the bad things from entering the domestic ménage. Both visually and conceptually, the film explores liminal spaces as it foregrounds all kinds of borders, frontiers, crossings and edges; from porches and doors to the heavily demarcated and regulated prison and hospital environments. Throughout the film, John is constantly stopped, searched, given orders and commands. The world is at war; he has the dual task of preventing others from entering his territory while he infiltrates someone else’s domain.

As a writer, Haggis is (rather annoyingly for the viewer) not interested in the details of the murder, which is briefly presented by way of occasional flashbacks, but only in the mind of the man who is blindly, manically in love. So in love, in fact, that he refuses to believe his wife when she confesses to him that she, indeed, had murdered the boss. The character of Lara is left in the shade, purely a vehicle for inspiring the man to do heroic things. Neither her motifs nor her hysterical, aggressive behaviour are explored or clarified. Her saviour is not even interested in her true wishes, desires or motivations – he rescues her against her will and flies her and the boy to Caracas to start a new life. In a rather artificial finale, two police officers are shown to baffledly peer into the drain hole in the street in the hope to find a button from the coat of the woman murdered by Lara three years ago. The police have lost the fight with the underworld. The culprits have escaped down the drain.

A solid, if a little sparse prison break movie, The Next Three Days does not flaunt its social subtext yet it shows the System, represented by courts, prisons and the police, lose to the power of reckless, irrational love. The protagonist comes to the conclusion that ‘rational thought destroys the soul’, and that human beings should exist ‘purely in the reality of their own making’. This means rebelling against all impediments to human freedom – pushing away security guards and hospital staff, cutting phone lines and hijacking trains and cars. It also means crossing the border into another, presumably unsafe country. Unsafe as it is, however, the foreign country is nevertheless the perfect place for the family of outlaws who refuse to obey the rules of a civilised society.

Rapture, Applause: some thoughts on cinematic masculinity Part II

September 23rd, 2010 by Greg Singh

If Zidane is under pressure to perform in the film Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait, then Mickey Rourke had to pull out the performance of a lifetime in order to justify the comeback film about a comeback. The Wrestler is, for all intents and purposes a metacomeback: to see Rourke, whose beauty (yes, beauty) was once celebrated so highly in Hollywood and beyond face up to the realities of fading youth, lost looks and emasculating cosmetic surgery must have been a trauma in itself. To have this all on screen, in one of the most popular character-based movies of the decade, is an exquisite agony. This is, after all, a redemption movie of sorts: the sound of rapturous applause in the intelligent sound design (yes, another wonderfully-synchronous moment in the juxtaposed viewing-context of watching these two movies back-to-back) in both diegetic moments and moments of psychological realism, give The Wrestler its genuine moments of pathos. If Zidane is a document of a professional footballer’s twilight, this film is a document of a fallen star making a very large impact crater.

As far as character development goes, what appears to drive the narrative is a kind of reversal of Clover’s ‘final girl’ – a feature of many early slasher movies – only here, the victim is the hypermasculinised hero. The narrative in The Wrestler is, after all, both punishment and redemption narrative: Randy is ‘betrayed’ by wrestling audiences (his popularity wanes), his body (which gives in after years of physical and narcotic abuse), his daughter (who rejects him in the interests of sparing her own emotional trauma) and his girlfriend (who lays claim to unavailability – probably a Good Thing). In all of this, like the ‘final girl’ of the slasher, the instruments of his punishment would then turn to weapons against his assailants. Only… What we are seeing here is not the reversal of the ‘final girl’ but a kind of sublimation. If we can speculate about anything regarding this film (and judging by the cycles of archetypicality that Hollywood revolves through, we can) we might say that this is the one of the last, and possibly most poignant of the ‘reconstructed masculinity’ narratives, with the exception of, perhaps, Crazy Heart (Cooper, US, 2009). It has reached a finality of sorts; and we can tell this because once something has reached this kind of point, it becomes subject to both parodic and reactionary responses, Crazy Heart being a likeable, if watered-down, version of the redemption tale. As it happens, such a cycle is well under motion: 300, the Transporter series, and The Expendables are all reactions to this style of movie making, and a return to action adventure in a more general sense. The real poignancy might be found outside the screen, in the real-life comeback narrative, where Rourke lost out to Sean Penn at the Oscars.

Marisa Tomei should get a mention here for her own, Oscar-nominated turn. Tomei’s arch-tart-with-a-heart character isn’t just a love interest. She performs too, as an example of the way image-driven culture takes models of beauty and squeezes all it can from them. Like her character, Tomei is too old to make the big bucks and be a star, too good entirely forget about and move on. In fact, she reminds me a little of a latter-day Natalie Wood. Her acting in everything is, frankly, brilliant (I’m a fan of both Tomei and Wood, naturally), but here even such grace under pressure is overshadowed by our fallen star. To outdo Tomei is not an easy task, but Rourke does this, and we are with Randy, despite his deeply flawed nature and his tragically self-destructive behaviour. This is largely down to the juxtaposition of character and actor, and it is difficult to separate the two at times. Randy is not all that lovable – on the contrary, he’s quite easy to dislike – but his tragedy is enrapturing, like so many small trials we face every day. The trick is to remember to applaud when we think someone deserves it.

Rapture, Applause: some thoughts on cinematic masculinity Part I

September 23rd, 2010 by Greg Singh

It’s been a while since I blogged here and there are several reasons for this, chief among them my recent PhD submission. Having done that (as well as having found gainful employment at The University of the West of England) I can now turn to more in-depth thinking on what has captured my imagination over the Summer. What follows is a brief critical review of two recent movies. There’s not much room to go into depth in a blog, so I’ve skirted and flirted with several issues a bit here – it’s a work in progress as they say. All of these issues concerning the two films, in addition to contextual and philosophical discussion, will feature in much more depth in my forthcoming book for Routledge, Double Takes. I’m also working on a paper on Zidane and embodiment in Zidane for a forthcoming conference…

I recently had the rather striking good fortune to watch The Wrestler (Aronofsky, US, 2008) and Zidane: A 21st Century Protrait (Gordon/Parreno, Fr./Ice., 2006) back-to-back. They are, superficially speaking, very different films charting different narrative trajectories and shot in very different styles. The former, (Aronofsky’s previous film was the Jung-by-numbers jumble The Fountain) is the story of Randy (played, in an outstanding performance, by Mickey Rourke), a broken hulk of a man who carves out a grim living as a semi-professional wrestler in the twilight of his career. The latter, a film that teeters on the boundaries between art cinema and broad popular culture: capturing (in real time) an entire football match featuring legendary French footballer Zinédine Zidane, the seventeen camera set-ups following his every move.

Zidane has been the subject of a fair amount of popular criticism, one blogger, Boba_Fett1138 even going as far on imdb.com to say that ‘This movie only serves an artistic purpose’, as if art resides in a place outside of the popular imagination and the mass-cultural world of football. Well, yes, film can serve that artistic purpose, and this one in particular does inhabit a cultural space not normally devoted to subjects such as professional footballers. But its ambitions stretch much further than performing ‘only’ artistic functions, and there are a number of reasons for this. To borrow Raymond Williams’ famous term, the ‘flow’ of elements in this film (competing elements, as I and others have written on) mobilise an extraordinary array of cinematic devices to bring in the viewer, capture the imagination and the feeling associated with the adrenalized ritual of football spectatorship. In particular, the sound design (supervised by Kevin Shields of My Bloody Valentine fame) engages in a choreography that rivals anything I’ve seen in popular cinema and art video before or since. The crowd, the commentary, the on-field dialogue, even Zidane’s breathing are all featured at different times, sometimes in various combinations and levels, lending the boom operation an almost-surgical capacity; splicing and grafting the sounds onto an avant-whole and integrating with the specific intention of that whole not rejecting any of the parts. This, nestled within the crystalline beauty of Mogwai’s post-rock soundtrack, makes for delicious and compelling viewing at times.

Zidane is also relevant for one other, very important reason; a reason that enabled me to easily establish a link between the two films under review here: Zidane was fast-approaching the end of his professional and international career, and the game featured in the film (Real Madrid v. Villareal) attempts to make sense of the contradictions and ambiguities at play in the world of football. The specific masculinities that are mobilised by football culture, of which we are all aware, are as much subject to colonisation and subordination by patriarchal power structures as any species of cultural identity. This is, in pretty much any other context an aspect of the whole subject to the occasional flit.  Here however, this masculinity comes under the scrutiny of seventeen cameras, often in close-up, and we see the face of such masculinity under the most extreme pressure to ‘perform’.

Continued in Part II…

A Tale of Sex and 2 Cities

June 1st, 2010 by Helena Bassil-Morozow

The new Sex and the City film is a carnival of consumption. While the four musketeers of fashion consume various solid, liquid and ethereal stuff on screen – shiny dresses, pointy shoes, dangly earrings, cushions, cocktails, vintage Rolexes, sofas and lavish holidays – the audience devours the colours, the textures, the golden interiors of mega-expensive hotels, the swans, the fountains, the perfectly choreographed mass scenes, endless red carpet celebrations, the Harrod’s-esque flamboyance of the eastern bazaar, the Glee-style cabaret and karaoke performances, and suchlike mis-en-scenic opulence. It’s all about choice, and the options, it seems, are endless. Carrie, Samantha, Charlotte and Miranda have the miraculous ability to seamlessly inscribe themselves into any kind of visual excess, including a New York gay wedding and the colourful (but dangerously chaste) exoticism of the Middle East, represented by the city of Abu Dhabi.

The Middle East, as the cultural ‘other’ of everything the four emancipated New Yorkers represent, plays the role of the litmus test in the movie. It reveals the problems that come with the very possibility of making life choices as opposed to wearing a head-to-toe dress and being told what to do. Having married John ‘Big’ Preston (Chris Noth) two years ago, Carrie is now unsure whether it was the right decision because the man of her dreams prefers to spend his time on the sofa watching his new flat-screen TV instead of wild socialising. She is also tired of explaining to everyone why they are determined not to have babies. Charlotte had quit her job to stay at home with the children, but the children are constantly misbehaving, and, to add insult to injury, their nanny has large breasts which keep attracting the attention of Harry the husband. The fated breasts make Charlotte worry so much that she keeps texting Harry to make sure that in her absence he has not forgotten about her existence. Meanwhile, Miranda makes the opposite decision to continue working because her job makes her ‘who she is’. The hyper-independent Samantha, who regards relationships as disposable products, gets in trouble for kissing a ‘Lawrence of Arabia’ on the beach. She was trying to exercise her right for non-permanence in the culture which is based on stability and tradition.

At this point the message gets discernibly pro-democratic and political. With the tradition, in the form of ladies in black whose veil prevents them from eating at restaurants in the normal way, staring them in the face, the foursome really start to value the lifestyle that allows one to decide whether to have screaming babies and podgy husbands at all, or to die blissfully fucking a thousandth stranger. But this political message fails to detach itself from its economic base – the intrinsically noble idea of personal freedom gradually unfolds to reveal that independent thinking actually consists of a series of consumer choices, such as which class to fly to your holiday, whether to wear a turban or a ridiculously large hat on board, and whether to drink cocktails or champagne during the flight. Apparently, democracy triumphs when several oppressed women take their American friends to a secret location, and show that underneath their identical garb they wear the latest designer pieces. They are all different. These clothes make them unique. They’re individuals too! (or, as the comedian Andy Kaufman used to say, ‘I am from Hollywood. I have the brain’).

The personal becomes entangled with the economic so much that the audience gets the (entirely correct) impression that Carrie cheats on Big with her ex Aidan because she is upset to have received a flat-screen TV instead of a piece of jewellery as a wedding anniversary present. She suddenly realises that everything in their marriage is wrong: the wrong cushions, the wrong sofa, the wrong Rolex, and even the wrong type of Japanese takeaway. Her husband is the wrong product. He is almost past season. However, after encountering an even older boyfriend model in Abu Dhabi, she decides that, after all, Big is not so bad. He is not past season – he is vintage! And, as such, he is precious and will only get more expensive with time. If he does not unexpectedly break down, that is.

Ben Stiller’s Tropic Thunder Reminds Me Why I am Suspicious of the Frat Pack

May 13th, 2010 by Helena Bassil-Morozow

Somehow I missed this film two years ago. I do remember the media hoopla about Tom Cruise uglified to the point of being completely unrecognisable and given oversized hairy prosthetic hands to wear. Tim Cruise himself joked with Jonathan Ross about the hands and the unnatural dance moves which his character, a ruthless studio executive named Les Grossman, performs à la David Brent in front of his intimidated employees.

I also remember the more controversial aspects of the film being discussed by various disability groups: the insensitive portrayal of Vietnam veterans, the tactless depiction of mental retardation. This is a postmodern film-within-film narrative. A British director, Damien Cockburn (Steve Coogan), is making a movie about the Vietnam War. In the very first scene, which is battle action, Stiller parodies the bloody sentimentality of Spielberg in Saving Private Ryan and jokes about the tragic Spielbergian representation of War Trauma and Sacred Brotherhood. The soldiers get variously, inventively and graphically dismembered and disfigured. However, the five actors – the fading star Tugg Spiedman (Ben Stiller), the Australian method actor Kirk Lazarus (Robert Downey Jr), the rapper Alpa Chino (Brandon T. Jackson), the comedian Jeff Portnoy (Jack Black) and the useless Kevin Sandusky (Jay Baruchel) –cannot grasp the reality of the battle despite all the realistic paraphernalia. Their rendition of either death or brotherhood just is not convincing. By way of remedying this problem, they are sent by the director to the real jungle where they are supposed to fend for themselves and learn all about survival. In the jungle they are seized by a heroin-producing gang called Flaming Dragon, held to ransom, and have to fight their way out of the heroin camp. Their heroic struggle is recorded on camera and compiled into a war film which becomes a box-office hit and wins Tugg Spiedman the long-awaited Oscar.

Is this pile-up of special effects, and disability and addiction jokes funny? Jack Black’s character tied to a tree, writhing in heroin agony and promising to perform the most excellent fellatio on his gay black comrade, Alpa Chino (note the silly word play)? The hooked-hands joke? Or the apparent reference to the ancient roots of comedy – Tugg Spiedman, with his face painted white, re-enacting his box-office hit Simple Jack (‘the retard’) on a very basic stage for the amusement of the entire Flaming Dragon, and being humiliated, smashed and thrashed in the best slapstick tradition?

This film reminds me why I am so careful with the Frat Pack – Stiller, Adam Sandler, Judd Apatow, Andy Dick, Jack Black, Will Ferrell etc. They make typical postmodern comedies: heartless, meaningless, fluid, uncaring, unempathic. After watching, say, Zoolander (2001) or You Don’t Mess With the Zohan (2008) I feel as if I’ve just spent two hours peering into a black hole in the wall. I do not get the same impression from a Jim Carrey film because, somehow, Carrey is less mechanistic and more, er, human. Why do these guys bother to make emotionally empty films about, well, nothing?

The answer probably lies in the purpose and nature of comedy as a genre. Comedy can or cannot be spiritual or political or ideological – but it should always retain the transgressive element. The job of the trickster is to break the boundaries of conduct, and expose the behavioural rules and norms as socially constructed artificialities. The trickster desacralizes the sacred. What taboos can a comedy director target in a society that is mostly taboo-free? The most obvious one is political correctness with its special coded language and no-go discourse zones. And indeed, Tropic Thunder is based on political incorrectness; it plays with stereotypes and carelessly clashes the discourses that are forced to co-exist in a non-homogenous society: Vietnamese villagers gleefully laugh at Simple Jack, a mentally challenged man, being beaten to a pulp; the black macho rapper turns out to be gay; the Australian method actor, in an obvious reference to Michael Jackson, in order to play a black soldier undergoes a skin-colour-changing operation; heroin agony is turned into a comedic scene. As far as transgression is concerned, Stiller’s film can even be regarded as a satire. It demonstrates all kinds of shake-ups and reversals, such as the transformation of Tom Cruise, an actor whose most valuable assets are his pretty face and his sweet voice, into a bald, unattractive, bespectacled, permanently swearing guy. The film trespasses into the restricted areas of race, gender, sexuality, disability and American heroism. One can see it as a ruthless act of tricksterism and even ascribe to it a hidden political agenda. That, one can say, is postmodern tricksterism in action.

Still not funny, though.